The causal relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.

"Conflict of interest: R.G. Jenkins reports grants from AstraZeneca, Biogen, Galecto, GlaxoSmithKline, RedX, Pliant and Genetech, consulting fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daewoong, Veracyte, Resolution Therapeutics, RedX, Pliant and Chiesi, and advisory board participation with Boehringer Ingelheim, Galapagos, Vicore and Roche, outside the submitted work, and has a leadership role with NuMedii, and a leadership role and is a trustee for Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis. T.M. Maher reports consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche/Genentech, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Blade Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Galapagos, Galecto, GlaxoSmithKline, IQVIA, Pliant, Respivant, Theravance and Veracyte, and lecture honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche/Genentech, outside the submitted work. P.L. Molyneaux reports grants from AstraZeneca, consulting fees from Hoffman-La Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Trevi, Redex and AstraZeneca, and lecture honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim and Hoffman-La Roche, outside the submitted work. L.V. Wain reports grants from Orion Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech and AstraZeneca, consulting fees from Galapagos and Boehringer Ingelheim, travel support from Genentech, and advisory board participation with Galapagos, outside the submitted work; and is an Associate Editor for the European Respiratory Journal. All other authors have nothing to disclose."

"Support statement: T.A. Yates is an National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Lecturer supported by the NIHR. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Health Service (NHS), the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. R.J. Allen is an Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis Mike Bray Research Fellow. L.V. Wain holds a GSK/Asthma+Lung UK Chair in Respiratory Research (C17-1). R.G. Jenkins, L.V. Wain and R.J. Allen are supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/W014491/1). C. Flores is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/00876) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant RTC-2017-6471-1; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion/Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Unión Europea) co-financed by the European Regional Development Funds “A way of making Europe” from the European Union. The research was partially supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre; the views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care."