Racial differences in COVID-19 severity associated with history of substance use disorders and overdose: Findings from multi-site electronic health records in New York City.

"Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Levin receives research support from Aelis Pharma and medication from Indivior for research and royalties from APA publishing. In addition, she served as a nonpaid member of a Scientific Advisory Board for Alkermes, Indivior, Novartis, Teva, and US WorldMeds and is a consultant to Major League Baseball. Dr. Krawczyk is involved in ongoing opioid litigation. Dr. Pincus has served on clinical advisory committees for AbleTo, Cerebral, Magellan Studio, and Eleos. All other authors report no conflict of interest."

"Funding sources This publication was supported by the 10.13039/100006108National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001873). Bennett Allen received support from the 10.13039/100000026National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA007233). Brandy F. Henry received support from the 10.13039/100000026National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA037801). Frances R. Levin received support from the 10.13039/100000026National Institute on Drug Abuse, 10.13039/100006108National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 10.13039/100000058Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, and US World Meds. Diana Martinez received support from the 10.13039/100000026National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA050087). Katharina Schultebraucks received support from the 10.13039/100000050National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL156134) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH129856)."