Feeling sleepy? stop driving-awareness of fall asleep crashes.

"Disclosure Statement Financial disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interests related to the results reported in this paper. In the interest of full financial disclosure, they report: CA has received a research award/prize from Sanofi-Aventis; contract research support from VicRoads, Transport Accident Commission, Rio Tinto Coal Australia, National Transport Commission, Tontine/Pacific Brands, and the Australian Automobile Association; industry funding through ARC Linkage scheme with Seeing Machines and Cogstate Ltd; lecturing fees from Brown Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, Ausmed, Healthmed and TEVA Pharmaceuticals; and reimbursements for conference travel expenses from Philips Healthcare. In addition, she has served as a consultant to the Rail, Bus and Tram Union, the Transport Accident Commission (TAC), the National Transportation Committee (NTC), VicRoads, and Melius Consulting. CAC reports grants and contracts to BWH from Dayzz Live Well, Delta Airlines, Jazz Pharma, Puget Sound Pilots, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/Sanofi; is/was paid consultant/speaker for Inselspital Bern, Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Klarman Family Foundation, M. Davis and Co, National Council for Mental Well-being, National Sleep Foundation, Physician’s Seal, SRS Foundation, State of Washington Board of Pilotage Commissioners, Tencent, Teva Pharma Australia, With Deep and Vanda Pharmaceuticals, in which CAC holds an equity interest; received travel support from Aspen Brain Institute, Bloomage International Investment Group, Inc., Dr. Stanley Ho Medical Development Foundation, German National Academy of Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, National Safety Council, National Sleep Foundation, Salk Institute for Biological Studies/Fondation Ipsen, Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, Stanford Medical School Alumni Association, Tencent Holdings, Ltd, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; receives research/education gifts through BWH from Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Avadel Pharmaceuticals, Bryte, Alexandra Drane, Cephalon, DR Capital Ltd, Eisai, Harmony Biosciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, NeuroCare, Inc., Optum, Philips Respironics, Regeneron, Regional Home Care, ResMed, Resnick Foundation (The Wonderful Company), San Francisco Bar Pilots, Sanofi SA, Schneider, Simmons, Sleep Cycle AB. Sleep Number, Sysco, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Vanda Pharmaceuticals; receives royalties from the New England Journal of Medicine; McGraw Hill; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt/Penguin; and Philips Respironics, Inc. for the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch-Spectrum devices. MH has received research funding from the Cooperative Research Center for Alertness Safety and Productivity, contract research support from Vicroads, Shell International, Rio Tinto and equipment support for research from Optalert and Seeing Machines. He has served as a consultant for Vicroads, the National Transport Commission, Victoria Police and Bus Safety Victoria and received lecturing fees from TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Biogen and Astra-Zeneca. Nonfinancial disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interests related to the results reported in this paper. In the interest of full nonfinancial disclosure, they report: CA has served as an expert witness and/or consultant in relation to fatigue and drowsy driving, and was a Theme Leader in the Cooperative Research Center for Alertness, Safety and Productivity. CAC is/was an expert witness in legal cases, including those involving Advanced Power Technologies, Aegis Chemical Solutions, Amtrak; Casper Sleep Inc, C&J Energy Services, Catapult Energy Services Group, Covenant Testing Technologies, Crete Carrier Corporation, Dallas Police Association, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Espinal Trucking/Eagle Transport Group/Steel Warehouse Inc, FedEx, Greyhound, Pomerado Hospital/Palomar Health District, PAR Electrical Contractors, Product & Logistics Services LLC/Schlumberger Technology, Puckett EMS, Puget Sound Pilots, Top Run Energy Services Union Pacific Railroad, UPS, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; CAC also serves as the incumbent of an endowed professorship given to Harvard by Cephalon. CAC’s interests were reviewed and managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict of interest policies. Financial disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interests related to the results reported in this paper. In the interest of full financial disclosure, they report: CA has received a research award/prize from Sanofi-Aventis; contract research support from VicRoads, Transport Accident Commission, Rio Tinto Coal Australia, National Transport Commission, Tontine/Pacific Brands, and the Australian Automobile Association; industry funding through ARC Linkage scheme with Seeing Machines and Cogstate Ltd; lecturing fees from Brown Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, Ausmed, Healthmed and TEVA Pharmaceuticals; and reimbursements for conference travel expenses from Philips Healthcare. In addition, she has served as a consultant to the Rail, Bus and Tram Union, the Transport Accident Commission (TAC), the National Transportation Committee (NTC), VicRoads, and Melius Consulting. CAC reports grants and contracts to BWH from Dayzz Live Well, Delta Airlines, Jazz Pharma, Puget Sound Pilots, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/Sanofi; is/was paid consultant/speaker for Inselspital Bern, Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Klarman Family Foundation, M. Davis and Co, National Council for Mental Well-being, National Sleep Foundation, Physician’s Seal, SRS Foundation, State of Washington Board of Pilotage Commissioners, Tencent, Teva Pharma Australia, With Deep and Vanda Pharmaceuticals, in which CAC holds an equity interest; received travel support from Aspen Brain Institute, Bloomage International Investment Group, Inc., Dr. Stanley Ho Medical Development Foundation, German National Academy of Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, National Safety Council, National Sleep Foundation, Salk Institute for Biological Studies/Fondation Ipsen, Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, Stanford Medical School Alumni Association, Tencent Holdings, Ltd, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; receives research/education gifts through BWH from Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Avadel Pharmaceuticals, Bryte, Alexandra Drane, Cephalon, DR Capital Ltd, Eisai, Harmony Biosciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, NeuroCare, Inc., Optum, Philips Respironics, Regeneron, Regional Home Care, ResMed, Resnick Foundation (The Wonderful Company), San Francisco Bar Pilots, Sanofi SA, Schneider, Simmons, Sleep Cycle AB. Sleep Number, Sysco, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Vanda Pharmaceuticals; receives royalties from the New England Journal of Medicine; McGraw Hill; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt/Penguin; and Philips Respironics, Inc. for the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch-Spectrum devices. MH has received research funding from the Cooperative Research Center for Alertness Safety and Productivity, contract research support from Vicroads, Shell International, Rio Tinto and equipment support for research from Optalert and Seeing Machines. He has served as a consultant for Vicroads, the National Transport Commission, Victoria Police and Bus Safety Victoria and received lecturing fees from TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Biogen and Astra-Zeneca. Nonfinancial disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interests related to the results reported in this paper. In the interest of full nonfinancial disclosure, they report: CA has served as an expert witness and/or consultant in relation to fatigue and drowsy driving, and was a Theme Leader in the Cooperative Research Center for Alertness, Safety and Productivity. CAC is/was an expert witness in legal cases, including those involving Advanced Power Technologies, Aegis Chemical Solutions, Amtrak; Casper Sleep Inc, C&J Energy Services, Catapult Energy Services Group, Covenant Testing Technologies, Crete Carrier Corporation, Dallas Police Association, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Espinal Trucking/Eagle Transport Group/Steel Warehouse Inc, FedEx, Greyhound, Pomerado Hospital/Palomar Health District, PAR Electrical Contractors, Product & Logistics Services LLC/Schlumberger Technology, Puckett EMS, Puget Sound Pilots, Top Run Energy Services Union Pacific Railroad, UPS, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; CAC also serves as the incumbent of an endowed professorship given to Harvard by Cephalon. CAC’s interests were reviewed and managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict of interest policies."

"Funding This study was supported by a grant from the Institute of Breathing and Sleep Research (to M.E.H.); by Liberty Mutual Insurance; National Institutes of Health Award 5T32HL7901-14 (to M.L.L.); National Space Biomedical Research Institute Award PF03002 (to M.L.L.); Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency Assistance to Firefighter Grant EMW-2010-FP-00521 (to C.A.C.); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Cooperative Agreement U01-HL111478 (to C.A.C.); National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Grant R01-OH0103001 (to C.A.C.); National Institute on Aging Grant R01-AG044416 (to C.A.C.); and an endowed professorship provided to Harvard Medical School by Cephalon, Inc. (to C.A.C.). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program, National Institutes of Health, National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Institute of Breathing and Sleep, or Liberty Mutual Insurance Company. The federal sponsors did not have a role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript."