How Notifications Affect Engagement With a Behavior Change App: Results From a Micro-Randomized Trial.

"the code for emee is openly available on the github account [ ]."

"Conflicts of Interest: CG is part of the team that developed and evaluated the Drink Less app as part of a randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN64052601) and is a paid scientific consultant for behavior change and lifestyle organization “One Year No Beer.” HWWP has received additional salary support from Public Health England and NHS England. He has a Doctor of Philosophy student who works at and has fees paid by Astra Zeneca and another who works at Better Points. He has research collaborations with Thrive Therapeutic Software Ltd and has one collaboration with Six to Start. He has an engagement project in collaboration with DigitalHealth.London, ZINC, and BMJ Innovations. Other authors declare no conflicts of interest."

"The development of the Drink Less app was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Public Health Research, Society for the Study of Addiction, Cancer Research UK, and the United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies. The NIHR School for Public Health Research is a partnership between the Universities of Sheffield, Bristol, Cambridge, and Imperial; University College London; The London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; The Liverpool and Lancaster Universities Collaboration for Public Health Research (LiLaC); and Fuse—The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health: collaboration between Newcastle, Durham, Northumbria, Sunderland, and Teesside Universities. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or Department of Health and Social Care. The United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies is part of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, and NIHR under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Dr Dave Crane for his important role in the development and factorial screening trial of the Drink Less app and the National University of Singapore’s Institute of Mathematical Sciences for funding LB and TQ’s visit to the program on the Statistical Methods section for Developing Personalized Mobile Health Interventions. The authors also thank the University College London Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group for their helpful feedback on the draft of this paper. LB is supported by a Doctor of Philosophy studentship funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Network of Hubs for Trials Methodology Research (MR/L004933/2-R18). CG is funded by the NIHR (NIHR127651) and the NIHR School for Public Health Research and Cancer Research UK (CRUK: C1417/A22962). TQ is supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health under award R01AA23187, National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under award P50DA039838, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under award U54EB020404, and National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award U01CA229437. The content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. OP is funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK: C1417/A22962). HWWP has received funding from Public Health England, the NIHR, and National Health Service (NHS) England. EW is funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant 224485/Z/21/Z) and MRC project grant (grant MR/S01442X/1). LB would like to thank the MRC Biostatistics Unit and Papworth Hospital for funding time spent on this research."