Oral toxicological study of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a crystallite diameter of 6 nm in rats.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateAnimal experiments were conducted in accordance with the “Guidelines for Animal Experiments of the National Institute of Health Sciences,” with the approval of the Animal Experiment Committee of the Institute, and in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. Animal care was conducted in accordance with animal welfare, and animal treatment was performed by skilled personnel with due consideration of ethical regulations. At the end of the experiment, all animals were euthanized by exsanguination under deep inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane to minimize pain inflicted on them. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding This work was supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare Research Project for Promoting Food Safety under Grant Number 20KA1006."