A practical illustration of spatial smoothing methods for disconnected regions with INLA: spatial survey on overweight and obesity in Malaysia.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNHMS 2015 received ethical approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, including parents or guardians of the children. The present study was registered at the Malaysia National Medical Research Register (ID NMRR18-661-41326), and approval for data usage was received from the Director General of Health, Malaysia. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding Open access funding provided by Tampere University including Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University of Applied Sciences (TUNI)."

"Declarations: Ethics approval and consent to participateNHMS 2015 received ethical approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, including parents or guardians of the children. The present study was registered at the Malaysia National Medical Research Register (ID NMRR18-661-41326), and approval for data usage was received from the Director General of Health, Malaysia.: Consent for publicationNot applicable.: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: NHMS 2015 received ethical approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, including parents or guardians of the children. The present study was registered at the Malaysia National Medical Research Register (ID NMRR18-661-41326), and approval for data usage was received from the Director General of Health, Malaysia."