Effectiveness of teriflunomide on No Evidence of Disease Activity and cognition in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the NEDA3PLUS study.

"Declarations Conflicts of interestMPA has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Merck, Sanofi and Teva; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Roche, Novartis and Teva; her Institution has received research grants from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Novartis and Roche. She is co-Editor of the Multiple Sclerosis Journal and Associate Editor of Frontiers in Neurology. RB has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi; has had travel and congress expenses sustained by Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Roche, Sanofi; has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi; his Institution has received research grants from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi. MM has received consulting and/or speaking fees, and/or research support from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Janssen, Merck Serono, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi, Roche, Viatris; he is a principal investigator in clinical trials for Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi. GL has received consulting and/or speaking fees, and/or research support from Alexion, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi, Almirall, Allergan, Merz, Ipsen, Roche. CC has received speaking fees from Sanofi; has had travel expenses sustained by Sanofi. PC has served on scientific advisory boards Sanofi; has had travel and congress expenses sustained by Sanofi; has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Sanofi; her Institution has received research support from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi. MZ in the last two years has served on scientific advisory boards and received honoraria for speaking or support for travel and congress attendance from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi. EB has had travel and congress expenses sustained by Sanofi; has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Sanofi. MF (22) has had travel and congress expenses sustained by, has served on scientific advisory boards, and/or has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Novartis, Roche, Biogen, Sanofi, Merck. EP has had travel and congress expenses sustained by, has served on scientific advisory boards, and/or has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi, Teva, Novartis, Celgene and Roche; he serves on the editorial board of Frontiers in Neurology and Brain Sciences. MF (27–31) is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology; has received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; has received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva; has served on scientific advisory boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi; he receives research support from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. MT has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Merck, BMS and Sanofi; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck and Novartis; has received research grants for her Institution from Biogen, Merck, Novartis and Roche. SS was a Sanofi employees at the time the work was done. NO, FP, DST, NG, AF, MMM are Sanofi employees. Ethical standard statementThe NEDA3PLUS study have been approved by the ethics committee of each participating center and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All patients gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Conflicts of interest MPA has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Merck, Sanofi and Teva; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Roche, Novartis and Teva; her Institution has received research grants from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Novartis and Roche. She is co-Editor of the Multiple Sclerosis Journal and Associate Editor of Frontiers in Neurology. RB has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi; has had travel and congress expenses sustained by Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Roche, Sanofi; has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi; his Institution has received research grants from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi. MM has received consulting and/or speaking fees, and/or research support from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Janssen, Merck Serono, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi, Roche, Viatris; he is a principal investigator in clinical trials for Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi. GL has received consulting and/or speaking fees, and/or research support from Alexion, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi, Almirall, Allergan, Merz, Ipsen, Roche. CC has received speaking fees from Sanofi; has had travel expenses sustained by Sanofi. PC has served on scientific advisory boards Sanofi; has had travel and congress expenses sustained by Sanofi; has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Sanofi; her Institution has received research support from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi. MZ in the last two years has served on scientific advisory boards and received honoraria for speaking or support for travel and congress attendance from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi. EB has had travel and congress expenses sustained by Sanofi; has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Sanofi. MF (22) has had travel and congress expenses sustained by, has served on scientific advisory boards, and/or has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Novartis, Roche, Biogen, Sanofi, Merck. EP has had travel and congress expenses sustained by, has served on scientific advisory boards, and/or has received honoraria for speaking engagement from Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi, Teva, Novartis, Celgene and Roche; he serves on the editorial board of Frontiers in Neurology and Brain Sciences. MF (27–31) is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology; has received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; has received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva; has served on scientific advisory boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi; he receives research support from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. MT has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Merck, BMS and Sanofi; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck and Novartis; has received research grants for her Institution from Biogen, Merck, Novartis and Roche. SS was a Sanofi employees at the time the work was done. NO, FP, DST, NG, AF, MMM are Sanofi employees."

"Funding Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro within the CRUI-CARE Agreement."