The role of organoids in cancer research.

"Declarations Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. AbbreviationsThree-dimensional (3D); Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs); Extracellular Matrix (ECM); Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS); Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC); Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs); EGF, Noggin, R-spondin (ENR); Colorectal cancer (CRC); Embryonic stem cells (ESCs); Adult stem cells (ASCs); Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC); Circulating tumor cells (CTCs); Patient Derived Organoid (PDO); Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS); Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); Food and Drug Administration (FDA); β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB); Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82203854); Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (No.2019JZZY010104; 2021CXGC011104); Special Foundation for Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No.ts20190978); Academic promotion programme of Shandong First Medical University (No. 2019QL021)."