Single-cell analyses reveal cannabidiol rewires tumor microenvironment via inhibiting alternative activation of macrophage and synergizes with anti-PD-1 in colon cancer.

"statistical significance was set at * p < 0 05; ** p < 0 01; and *** p < 0 001 (ns: no significance) 2 24 the raw data for the single-cell rna-seq samples are available in the gene expression omnibus database (accession no: gse220635 ) 3 3 1 to explore the effect of cbd on the growth of mc38 xenografts in mice we treated mice with different doses of cbd on the seventh day after transplantation and 5-fu was used as a positive control."

"Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests."

"This work was supported by the National Key 10.13039/100006190Research and Development Plan, China (Grant No.: 2022YFC3500202), the 10.13039/501100001809Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.: 82172558, and 82205024), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan of Natural Science Foundation Project of Shanghai, China (Grant No.: 22ZR1447400), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan, China (Grant No.: 22ZR1447400), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant Nos.: 020814380179, and 020814380174), the Distinguished Young Scholars of Nanjing, China (Grant No.: JQX20008), and the School of Life Science (10.13039/501100008048NJU)-Sipimo Joint Funds and Mountain Climbing Talents Project of 10.13039/501100008048Nanjing University, China (Grant No.: 2015018). Xiaofan Sun: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing - Original draft preparation, Reviewing and Editing, Visualization; Lisha Zhou: Data curation, Visualization, Validation, Writing - Original draft preparation, Reviewing and Editing; Yi Wang: Data curation, Visualization, Validation; Guoliang Deng: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization; Xinran Cao: Data curation, Writing - Original draft preparation, Reviewing and Editing; Bowen Ke: Resources, Formal analysis, Suggestions; Xiaoqi Wu: Data curation, Visualization, Validation; Yanhong Gu, Haibo Cheng, and Qiang Xu: Resources, Formal analysis, Suggestions; Qianming Du: Methodology, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration; Hongqi Chen: Methodology, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration; Yang Sun: Methodology, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing - Original draft preparation, Reviewing and Editing, Resources, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision."