Adipocyte-derived kynurenine stimulates malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

"Declaration of Competing Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."

"The authors thank the Michigan State University Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core. This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01ES030695. H.C.D.M., S.Y.L., and J.J.B were supported by R01ES030695. J.D.D. and R.G.P were supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health and Science Training Grant in Environmental Toxicology (T32ES007255) through the Institute of Integrated Toxicology. S.Y.L. was also supported by the National Science Foundation under CAREER grant no. CBET 1845006 and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01CA270136. K.T.L. and J.J.B. were supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation 22-096.J.D.D designed studies, generated data in all figures, performed data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. R.G.P generated data in Figs. 1, 2, and analyzed data, and reviewed the manuscript. H. C. D. M. designed and generated data in Fig. 3, performed data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. E.E. designed and generated data in Fig. 3, performed data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. K.T. L. helped design and fund experiments and contributed to analysis and manuscript review. E. A. W. designed studies and contributed to analysis. S.Y.L designed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry studies, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. J.J.B. directed the project, designed studies, analyzed data and wrote the manuscript."