Association between independent practice time and patient outcomes in the emergency department: a retrospective study of residents in three urban hospitals in Taiwan.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThis study was approved by National Taiwan University Hospital Research Ethics Committee (201902078RINB; 202107133RINA). Due to the retrospective observational nature of the study and the use of anonymized data, the Research Ethics Committee waived the need for informed consent. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. This study was funded by the project grants: grant MOST 112–2410-H-002–183 and grant MOST 111–2634-F-002–003."