Efficacy and safety of intranasal agents for the acute treatment of migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding Research reported in this publication was supported by Peking University People’s Hospital Talent Introduction Scientific Research Launch Fund. Grant/Award Number: 2022-T-02; STI2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200201. The funders had no role in the design or conduct of this research."

"This systematic review and meta-analysis identified intranasal medications used to treat chronic or episodic migraine patients with or without aura and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023396291). First, we searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases, with language restrictions in English, from inception until August 15, 2023, to search for RCTs of intranasal pharmacologic agents in the acute treatment of migraine. We applied a combination of keywords and text words related to migraine and intranasal pharmacologic agents. Then, we combined them with validated screening tools recommended by the Harvard Countway Library for randomized controlled clinical trials. Each database uses a specific search strategy and can be found in eAppendix . Registries of clinicaltrials.gov were also searched to identify ongoing trials. We additionally conducted searches from existing pairwise meta-analyses and the reference lists of review articles to complement our further trials [–]. Two authors operated the literature search process independently (LGL, DSJ)."