Glucose control and psychosocial outcomes with use of automated insulin delivery for 12 to 96 weeks in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsWe declare no competing interests. Competing interests We declare no competing interests."

"Funding No funding was provided for this study."

"This review was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement and recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions []. The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO on October 22, 2022 (ID CRD42022366710). Methods:  We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing AID (hybrid and fully closed-loop systems) to usual care (sensor augmented pumps, multiple daily insulin injections, continuous glucose monitoring and predictive low-glucose suspend) for adults and children with T1DM with a minimum duration of 3 months. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Clinicaltrials.gov for studies published up until April 4, 2023. Main outcomes included time in range 70–180 mg/dL as the primary outcome, and change in HbA1c (%, mmol/mol), glucose variability, and psychosocial impact (diabetes distress, treatment satisfaction and fear of hypoglycaemia) as secondary outcomes. Adverse events included diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycaemia. Statistical analyses were conducted using mean differences and odds ratios. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to age, study duration and type of AID device. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42022366710."