A microglial activity state biomarker panel differentiates FTD-granulin and Alzheimer's disease patients from controls.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateAll experiments and handling of mice was performed in compliance with the German animal welfare law and with approval from the Government of Upper Bavaria. CSF was sampled under the animal license: ROB 55.2–2532.Vet_02-15-69. All experiments including iPSCs were performed in compliance with all applicable guidelines and regulations. All participants were enrolled in ARTFL (U54NS092089) or LEFFTDS (U01AG045390), together ALLFTD, which is a North American research consortium to study sporadic and familiar FTD. All CSF from the ALLFTD consortium were approved and provided by the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD). Consent for publicationNot applicable. Conflict of interestCH collaborates with Denali Therapeutics. HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure, Biogen, and Roche, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). Conflict of interest CH collaborates with Denali Therapeutics. HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure, Biogen, and Roche, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work)."

"Funding This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy – ID 390857198 to CH, SFL and DP), a Koselleck Project HA1737/16 − 1 and funding from the Impuls und Vernetzungsfond; Helmholtz (ExNet-005) (both to CH). Further funding came from Alzheimer’s Association (to CH and DP), Vascular Dementia Research Foundation (to DP), the donors of ADR AD2019604S, a program of the BrightFocus Foundation (to DP), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (JPND PMG-AD) (to SFL and CH), and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (CLINSPECT-M) (to SFL). HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2022 − 01018), the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101053962, Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-71320), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809–2016862), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer’s Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C, and #ADSF-21-831377-C), the Bluefield Project, the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2022-0270), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860197 (MIRIADE), the European Union Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND2021-00694), and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UKDRI-1003). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL."