Estimating the Health and Economic Impact of Improved Management in Prevalent Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Populations in England, Germany, Canada, and Japan: A Modelling Study.

"Disclosure The study design, data gathering, data analysis, results and interpretation were carried out independently by the authors who declare that the source of funding has not led to any competing or conflicting interests. AstraZeneca reviewed the manuscript for medical and scientific accuracy. EA reports that Aquarius received funding for their company to do the research and their company has received funding for other projects relating to COPD and respiratory conditions from grants and commercial contracts (including AstraZeneca which funded the project in question). Outside of the submitted work, TW reports receiving consulting fees and/or fees for attending lectures, meetings and conferences and/or travel expenses and/or research grants from My mhealth, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Synairgen, Bergenbio, UCB, UKRI, NIHR, Valneva, OM Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Chiesi, Teva and Nutricia. TW is a founder, director and shareholder of My mhealth. TW has served on monitoring boards for trials sponsored by Synairgen and Valneva, and has applied for patents with GlaxoSmithKline and My mhealth. HW reports receiving consulting fees and/or fees/honoraria for attending/presenting lectures, meetings and conferences and/or travel expenses and/or grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Novartis, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline and Veronapharma. HW has served on monitoring boards for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Novartis, Bayer and GlaxoSmithKline. MB reports receiving consulting fees and/or fees/honoraria for attending/presenting lectures, meetings and conferences and/or travel expenses and/or grants from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Sanofi, Covis, Grifols, Boehringer Ingelheim, Valeo, The Lung Association of Saskatchewan, Alberta Lung and NWT, CIHR, Alberta Innovates, Novartis and Mereo. MB has a leadership or fiduciary role in the Canadian Thoracic Society and Alberta Health Services. CL reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Pfizer, grants from Ontario Ministry of Health and Canadian Institutes of Health Research and personal fees from GSK, Valeo, Teva and Covis, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work."

"Aquarius Population Health was funded by AstraZeneca to carry out this research."