Mitochondrial dysfunction-associated microbiota establishes a transmissible refractory response to anti-TNF therapy during ulcerative colitis.

"data availability statement raw sequences used for metagenomics analysis were made available at european nucleotide archive (ena www ebi ac uk/ena ) under the project number prjeb33422 for dysbiosis and prjeb41595 for infliximab experiment.; raw sequences used to perform the transcriptomic analysis were uploaded to geo (gene expression omnibus) database under project accession code gse135033 ( https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/geo/query/acc cgi? rectal gene expression signature composed of 5296 genes differentially expressed (fdr <0 001 and fold change >=1 5) between uc and control individuals were obtained from supplementary dataset 1 from haberman et al. data availability statement raw sequences used for metagenomics analysis were made available at european nucleotide archive (ena www ebi ac uk/ena ) under the project number prjeb33422"

"Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."

"Authors’ contributions: Conception and design of the study (LA), data collection (APC, JC, MAPI, VGJ, AP, DB, APa and LA), data analysis (APC, JLL, MGL, MAPI, MF, IS, AMA, JLL and LA), drafting the manuscript (APC, JA and LA), manuscript revision (HR and MLMC), statistical analysis (APC, JLL and LA), obtained funding (AF, IRL, JA, and LA), and technical support (LB and IMR). All authors approved the final version for publication."