Fatty Acids Increase GDF15 and Reduce Food Intake Through a GFRAL Signaling Axis.

"Duality of Interest. G.R.S. is a cofounder and shareholder of Espervita Therapeutics, a company developing new medications for liver cancer. McMaster University has received funding from Cambrian Biosciences, Espervita Therapeutics, Esperion Therapeutics, Poxel Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Novo Nordisk, and Nestle for research conducted in the laboratory of G.R.S. G.R.S. has received consulting/speaking fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Esperion Therapeutics, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Poxel Pharmaceuticals, and Cambrian Biosciences. G.R.S. is one of the inventors on a patent identifying GDF15 as a biomarker for metformin. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported."

"G.R.S. acknowledges the support of a Diabetes Canada Operating Grant (OG-3-22-5645-GS), a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant (201709FDN-CEBA-116200), the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Metabolic Diseases, and the J. Bruce Duncan Endowed Chair in Metabolic Diseases. D.W. acknowledges the support of fellowship grants from the McMaster Institute for Research on Aging at McMaster University. L.K.T. acknowledges the support of a CIHR Post-Doctoral Fellowship Award and Michael DeGroote Fellowship Award in Basic Biomedical Science."