Genetic susceptibility to post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis identified in propensity score-matched analysis.

"Conflicts of interest: The authors disclose no conflicts."

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"Demographic and clinical data including age, sex, main indications for ERCP, history of PEP, clinically suspected SOD, and abdominal pain assessed by a numeric rating scale at four hours and between 12 and 24 hours after ERCP were collected. Laboratory values such as white blood cell count and liver function tests were measured within 24 hours before ERCP, and serum amylase and lipase were measured at four hours and between 12 and 24 hours after ERCP. Endoscopic data including periampullary diverticulum, biliary sphincterotomy, pancreatic sphincterotomy, precut sphincterotomy, endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD), pancreatogram, pancreatic duct brush cytology, cannulation success, difficult cannulation, endoscopic ampullectomy, pancreatic stent insertion, biliary stent insertion, and ERCP procedure time were also collected. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02928718), complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the institutional review board of each institution (Seoul National University Hospital IRB No. 1507-124-689, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital IRB No. 2017-11-017, and Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center IRB No. 16-2016-135). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Most patients at high risk of potential PEP, including patients scheduled for endoscopic ampullectomy, were enrolled before ERCP, and the remaining patients, including those whose PEP risk was difficult to predict before ERCP, were enrolled after ERCP."