Previous exposure to Spike-providing parental strains confers neutralizing immunity to XBB lineage and other SARS-CoV-2 recombinants in the context of vaccination.

"Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."

"M.O. received support from the National Institutes of Health (U19AI171110), the James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust, the Roddenberry Foundation, P. and E. Taft, and the Gladstone Institutes. M.O. is a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Investigator. M.O. also thanks Fast Grants and the Innovative Genomics Institute for their support. J.A.D. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (R21AI59666) and from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Gladstone Institutes. C.Y.C. thanks the staff at the UCSF Clinical Laboratories and the UCSF Clinical Microbiology Laboratories for help in identifying and aliquoting nasal swabs and plasma samples; and acknowledges support by the Innovative Genomics Institute at UC Berkeley and UCSF, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (contract 75D30121C10991), Abbott Laboratories and the Sandler Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research at the UCSF. I.P.C. was supported by NIH/NIAID (F31 AI164671-01). R.K.S. and M.O. highly acknowledge senior scientific editor Françoise Chanut for her valuable input in editing the manuscript."

"Human serum samples were obtained from three sources: The Curative clinical trial provided 52 samples. This trial aimed to investigate immune evasion by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, approved under Advarra's Pro00054108, part of the University of California, Los Angeles Protocol Record PTL-2021-0007, and registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05171803.We acquired 25 remnant plasma samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients at UCSF through UCSF Clinical Laboratories. These samples were stored in a biobank. A retrospective review of medical records collected relevant demographic and clinical metadata. This process followed approved “no subject contact” protocols by the UCSF Institutional Review Board (protocol number 10-01116).An additional 10 plasma samples were procured through the UMPIRE study (UCSF Employee and Community Member Immune Response), identified by protocol number 20-33083. This study focused on collecting whole blood and plasma samples, assessing immune responses to vaccinations (including booster shots) and vaccine breakthrough infections. Consent was obtained from UMPIRE participants at the UCSF CTSI Clinical Research Service (CRS) Laboratory, where nurses and phlebotomists collected their blood. The Curative clinical trial provided 52 samples. This trial aimed to investigate immune evasion by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, approved under Advarra's Pro00054108, part of the University of California, Los Angeles Protocol Record PTL-2021-0007, and registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05171803."