Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents-A Narrative Review.

"Declarations FundingThis article is based on a presentation by Amelia J. Carr to the GSSI Expert Panel in October 2022. Funding for participation in that meeting together with an honorarium for preparation of this article were provided by the GSSI. No other sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. Conflict of interestBryan Saunders acknowledges the receipt of personal research grants from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP; 2016/50438-0 and 2021/06836-0). This author has also previously received financial support from Natural Alternatives International (NAI), a company that produces beta-alanine, to undertake research. NAI has also provided supplements free of charge for experimental investigations and supported open access page charges for numerous publications involving Bryan Saunders. Bryan Saunders has also received sodium bicarbonate supplements free of charge from Umara® (Sweden) and Farmácia Analítica (Brazil) for experimental investigations. These companies have not had any input (financial, intellectual, or otherwise) into the current article. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review. Author contributionsAJC, AKA, LMB, ESS, CSU and BS formulated the research questions. AJC conducted the literature search. AJC, LC, WTJ, MKK, ESS and CSU extracted the data. Figures and tables were prepared by LC, AKA, MKK and AJC. AJC, LMB and BS wrote the manuscript with critical input from AJC, AKA, LMB, ESS, CSU, LC, WTJ, MKK and BS. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Data availabilityThe data sets generated during and/or analysed during this narrative review are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Conflict of interest Bryan Saunders acknowledges the receipt of personal research grants from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP; 2016/50438-0 and 2021/06836-0). This author has also previously received financial support from Natural Alternatives International (NAI), a company that produces beta-alanine, to undertake research. NAI has also provided supplements free of charge for experimental investigations and supported open access page charges for numerous publications involving Bryan Saunders. Bryan Saunders has also received sodium bicarbonate supplements free of charge from Umara® (Sweden) and Farmácia Analítica (Brazil) for experimental investigations. These companies have not had any input (financial, intellectual, or otherwise) into the current article. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review."

"Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. Funding This article is based on a presentation by Amelia J. Carr to the GSSI Expert Panel in October 2022. Funding for participation in that meeting together with an honorarium for preparation of this article were provided by the GSSI. No other sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article."