Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults.

"the ear code applied is available at https://github com/mbb2022-23/epi_ct_ear '.; the err code applied is available at https://github com/radiationisglobal/epi_ct_scripts ."

"Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"The authors are grateful to the radiologists, clinicians, physicists and administrators of participating hospitals and the national/regional cancer, mortality and cause of death registries that provided exposure and radiological data for the study. The authors gratefully acknowledge scientific and technical assistance provided by: Belgium: J. Geens and H. Bosmans from the participating Belgian hospitals and to the Belgian Cancer Registry for providing cancer data. Denmark: the radiological departments participating in organizing data collection. IARC: C. Chassin for administrative assistance in the overall study coordination. France: the radiologists, physicists and administrators working in the participating hospitals who took so much of their time to provide us with the necessary radiology and clinical data: D. Loisel, B. Ory, D. Weil (CHU Angers), J.-M. Garcier, J. Guersen, S. Mangin (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), S. Baron, C. Gaborit, D. Sirinelli (CHU Tours), J.-M. Chave, E. Chirpaz, O. Fels (CHU La Réunion), N. Boutry, G. Potier (CHU Lille), D. Defez, Perrot, M. Teisseire (CHU Lyon), B. Bourlière, P. Petit (CHU Marseille), M. Saguintaah (CHU Montpellier), F. Collignon, M.-A. Galloy, E. Pozza, E. Schmitt (CHU Nancy), B. Dupas, T. Lefrançois, M. Salaud (CHU Nantes), J.-F. Chateil, C. Barat, C. Bertini, M. Hajjar (CHU Bordeaux), M.-A. Perrier, H. Daubert, L. Froment (CHU Rouen), S. Dupont, L. Molinier, J. Vial (CHU Toulouse), H. Ducou Le Pointe, A. Bouette, P. Chambert (CHU Armand Trousseau—Paris), N. Boddaert (CHU Necker-Enfants-Malades—Paris), E. Dion (CHU Louis Mourier—Colombes), J. Costa (CHU Robert Debré—Paris), G. Khalifa (CHU Saint-Vincent de Paul—Paris), J. Betout (APHP Siège), D. Musset (CHU Antoine Béclère—Clamart), C. Adamsbaum, S. Franchi, D. Pariente (CHU Bicêtre) and N. Sellier (CHU Jean Verdier—Bondy). We also warmly thank S. Ben Salha, L. Faure and B. Lacour (Registre National des Cancers de l’Enfant) for their valuable help in providing data about cancer diagnoses. Germany: the radiologists, physicists and administrators working in the participating hospitals who took so much of their time to provide us with the necessary radiology and clinical data: T. Albrecht (Vivantes, Klinikum Neukölln), M. Asmussen (Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe), J. Barkhausen (Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein), J. D. Berthold (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover), A. Chavan (Klinikum Oldenburg), C. Claussen (Universitätsklinikum Tübingen), M. Forsting (Universitätsklinikum Essen), K. Jablonka (Klinikum Bremen-Mitte), M. Langer (Universitätsklinikum Freiburg), M. Laniado (Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden), J. Lotz (Universitätsmedizin Göttingen), H. J. Mentzel (Universitätsklinikum Jena), P. Mildenberger, A. Queißer-Wahrendorf and G. Staatz (University Medical Center Mainz), O. Rompel (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), J. Schlick (Klinikum Nürnberg Süd), K. Schneider and M. Seidenbusch (Klinikum der Universität München, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital), M. Schumacher (Universitätsklinik Freiburg), B. Spors (Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin), T. Vogl (Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main), J. Wagner (Vivantes, Klinikum im Friedrichshain) and G. Weisser (Universitätsklinikum Mannheim). We also warmly thank H. Zeeb, S. Dreger (BIPS) and C. Spix (Deutsches Kinderkrebsregister) for their valuable help. The Netherlands: the staff members, clinicians and boards of directors of all hospitals who provided data for our study (AMC Amsterdam, Amphia Ziekenhuis, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Bethesda Ziekenhuis, Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Diaconessenhuis Leiden, Isala Diaconessenhuis Meppel, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Elkerliek Ziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, Flevoziekenhuis, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Medisch Centrum Haaglanden, HagaZiekenhuis, Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Isala Ziekenhuis, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Kennemer Gasthuis, Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Medisch Centrum Leeuwaarden, Meander Medisch Centrum, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Radboudumc, Rijnland Ziekenhuis, Rijnstate, Rivas Beatrix Ziekenhuis, Saxenburgh groep Ro¨pcke-Zweers Ziekenhuis, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Slotervaartziekenhuis, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Sint Maartenskliniek, Maastricht UMC, UMC Groningen, UMC Utrecht, Het Van Weel-Bethesda Ziekenhuis, VUMC Amsterdam, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente and ZorgSaam Zeeuws-Vlaanderen). Norway: staff members, clinicians and boards of directors of all hospitals who provided data for our study. We especially thank M. Gårseth, B. Kothe-Næss (Helse Nord-Trøndelag HF), S. Tveiten (Sørlandet sykehus HF) and E. Meen (Cancer Registry Norway) for their valuable contributions. The radiologists, physicists and administrators working in the participating hospitals who took so much of their time to provide us with the necessary radiology and clinical data: G. Andersen, J. Gunnar Andersen, F.-H. Andersen, A. Aslaksen, T. Bakkelund, G. Brandseth, C. De Lange, A. Erikson, K. Fredriksen, G.-E. Gustavsson, S. Hanssen, L. Heiberg, B. Hjelmstad, K. Holen, B. Erik Johansson, N. Kaldahl Wold, M. Alexander Olsen, T. Rehn Holm-Johnsen, H. Roterud, K. Roth, B. Åse Rue Gotaas, Å. Sætevik, E. Marie Sager, Y. Skar, H. Jørgen Smith, E. Søvik and L. Thomassen. UNN Tromsø, UNN Harstad, UNN Narvik, Helgelandssykehuset Mo i Rana, Helgelandssykehuset Mosjøen, Helgelandssykehuset Sandnessjøen, Kristiansund sjukehus, Sykehuset Levanger, Sykehuset Namsos, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim, Orkdal sjukehus, Molde sjukehus, Volda sjukehus, Ålesund sjukehus, Sykehuset Innlandet, OUS Radiumhospitalet, OUS Rikshospitalet, OUS Ullevål sykehus, Haukeland universitetssjukehus, Voss sjukehus, Kysthospitalet i Hagevik, Sykehuset Telemark, SSHF Kristiansand, SSHF Arendal, SSHF Flekkefjord and Stavanger universitetssjukehus. Spain: F. Badia at ISGlobal; L. Donoso, T. Fonoll, S. Pedraza, L. Riera, A. Capdevila, I. Barber Martínez de la Torre, M. Pardina, J. Muchart, J. Palmero, J. Vilar, L. Martí-Bonmatí, R. García, P. Tallón, Berna, Á. Chans, M. Castañeda, J. Esparza, M. de Blas, A. Gamarra, D. Grande Icaran, J. Lafuente, C. Serrano, G. Gómez Mardones, M. López Nieto, M. Parrón Pajares and M. Luisa Llorente at the radiology departments of the participating Spanish hospitals; additional doctors and IT specialists who contributed to the study and the members of the national and autonomic cancer, mortality, hospital discharge (Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos - CMBD) and hospital registries of Spain. Thanks for all the efforts and contribution to bring forward this study. Sweden: the staff members, clinicians and boards of directors of all hospitals in the regions who provided data for our study (Region Skåne, Västra Götaland, Östergötland and Stockholm-Gotland). United Kingdom: the radiologists, radiographers and medical physicists at participating hospitals for providing data. We also thank M. Pearce, R. Hardy, K. Kirton, J. Salotti, C.-L. Chapple and E. Slack (Newcastle University) and K. McHugh (Great Ormond Street Hospital). Authors who are identified as personnel of the IARC, WHO, are alone responsible for the views expressed in this Article and do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the IARC, WHO. M.S.P. and R.H. are affiliated with the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU)) in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards at Newcastle University in partnership with Public Health England (PHE). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health or Public Health England. This report makes use of data obtained from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan and cites risk estimates calculated by RERF. RERF is a private, nonprofit foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the US Department of Energy, the latter through the National Academy of Sciences. The conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the scientific judgment of RERF or its funding agencies. This work was partly supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20011-2017) (grant number 269912 - EPI-CT: Epidemiological study to quantify risks for paediatric computerised tomography and to optimise doses) (A.K., E.C., M.H., M.-O.B., A.J., H.O., H.E., C.J., M.B., M.K. and K.K.). In Spain, this study was partially supported by grants (E.C. and M.B.B.) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-ISCIII from the Spanish Government (reference: PI16/00120) cofunded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)—a way to build Europe. Additionally, complementary Spanish funding was received from the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (E.C.) and M.B.B. was the recipient of a fellowship of the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) for a short stay abroad at Newcastle University. ISGlobal also acknowledges support from the grant CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program and from the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Department of Business and Knowledge of the Generalitat of Catalonia through AGAUR (the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants) (Project 2017 SGR 1487) to EC. The International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) received complementary funding from The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (grant agreement number 2012-02-21-01) (A.K. and J.S.). In France, complementary funding was obtained from the association ‘La Ligue contre le Cancer’ (grant number PRE09/MOB) and from the French Institute of cancer (INCa, grant number 2011–1-PL-SHS-01-IRSN-1, grant number SHS-ESP-2019-025) (M.-O.B.). In Germany, complementary funding was provided by the G"