Do lifestyle, anthropometric and demographic factors associated with muscle strength differ in a UK and Japanese cohort? An exploratory analysis.

"Declarations Conflict of interestED declares consultancy and speaker fees from Viatris, Pfizer, UCB and Lilly. CC has received lecture fees and honoraria from Amgen, Danone, Eli Lilly, GSK, Kyowa Kirin, Medtronic, Merck, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Shire, Takeda and UCB outside of the submitted work. NF declares travel bursaries from Pfizer and Eli Lilly. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Statement of human and animal rightsThe research used data from human participants and was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for the UK cohort was granted by the Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee, reference number 10/H0311/59. Ethical approval for the Japanese cohort was granted by the ethics committees of the University of Tokyo (No. 1264 and No. 1326) and Wakayama Medical University (No. 373). Informed consentAll participants fully consented prior to undertaking the study. Conflict of interest ED declares consultancy and speaker fees from Viatris, Pfizer, UCB and Lilly. CC has received lecture fees and honoraria from Amgen, Danone, Eli Lilly, GSK, Kyowa Kirin, Medtronic, Merck, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Shire, Takeda and UCB outside of the submitted work. NF declares travel bursaries from Pfizer and Eli Lilly. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest."

"This study was funded by the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation. Funding of each cohort study was provided by the MRC and AR UK (Hertfordshire Cohort Study). The ROAD (Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability) Study was supported by Grant-in-Aid funding from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: H17-Men-eki-009 (Director, Kozo Nakamura), H20-Choujyu-009 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), H23-Choujyu-002 (Director, Toru Akune), H25-Choujyu-007 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and H25-Nanchitou (Men)-005 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 19FA1401 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 19FA1007 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka), 19FB1001 (Director, Yutaka Osuga), 19FA1017 (Director, Estuo Chosa), 20JA1001 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka), 21FA1006 (Director, Hiroshi Yamada), and 22FA1009 (Director, Sakae Tanaka). The study was also supported by Scientific Research grants B19H03895, B26293139, B23390172, B20390182, and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 18K18447, 15K15219, 24659317 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), Scientific Research grant 19K19454 (Director, Toshiko Iidaka), Scientific Research grants B26293331, B23390356, C20591774, and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 21K19631, 26670307 and 23659580 (Director, Shigeyuki Muraki), Challenging Exploratory Research grants 24659666 and 21659349 and Young Scientists A18689031 (Directore, Hiroyuki Oka), Scientific Research grants B26293329, B23390357, C20591737 and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 25670293 (Director, Toru Akune), Scientific Research grants S50282661, 19H05654 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), Scientific Research grant B20H03798 (Director, Toru Moro), Scientific Research grants 22K10552 and 18K10063 (Director, Izumi Inoue), Scientific Research grant B18H03164 (Director, Yosuke Yamada), Challenging Exploratory Research grants C18K09122 (Director, Harumoto Yamada), Challenging Exploratory Research grant 21K18291 (Director, Kanae Mure), and by Collaborating Research with NSF from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan 08033011-00262 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura). Also, the ROAD study was supported by grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 17dk0110028h0001 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), 17gk0210007h0003, 18gk0210018h0001, 19gk0210018h0002, 20gk0210018h0003, 22gk0210034h0001 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 22dk0110047h0001 (Director, Kanae Mure), and 22dk0110048h0001 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka). Further, the study was partly supported by grants from the Japan Osteoporosis Society (Noriko Yoshimura, Shigeyuki Muraki, Hiroyuki Oka, and Toru Akune), Japan Osteoporosis Foundation (2015, Noriko Yoshimura), research aids from the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA-Subsidized Science Project Research 2006-1 and 2010-2, Director, Hiroshi Kawaguchi; and 2014-1, Director, Kozo Nakamura), the Japanese Society for Musculoskeletal Medicine (2015, Director, Shigeyuki Muraki; and 2017, Director, Noriko Yoshimura), Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation (2016, Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and Japan Dairy Association (2017, Director, Noriko Yoshimura)."