UK clinicians' attitudes towards the application of molecular diagnostics to guide antibiotic use in ICU patients with pneumonias: a quantitative study.

"Transparency declarations: D.B. reports personal fees (lecture fees) from bioMérieux, outside the submitted work. V.I.E. reports personal fees and non-financial support from bioMérieux, personal fees from Curetis GmbH, and non-financial support from Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Inflammatix Inc., outside the submitted work. R.H. is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC), North Thames at Bart’s Health NHS Trust and Asthma UK (AUKCAR). He reports speaker engagements with honoraria from AbbVie, Abbott, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, bioMérieux, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biogen, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Roche, Sanofi, Shire Pharmaceuticals, TEVA, UCB and personal consultancy with Amgen, Abbott, AstraZeneca and Novartis. He is Founding Director of a UCL Business company (Spoonful of Sugar Ltd) providing consultancy on treatment engagement and patient support programmes to healthcare policymakers, providers and pharmaceutical industry. Z.M. has undertaken paid work for UCL Business company Spoonful of Sugar Ltd. D.M.L. reports personal fees from Accelerate, Allecra, Antabio, Astellas, Beckman Coulter, bioMérieux, Cepheid, Centauri, Entasis, Johnson & Johnson, Meiji, Melinta, Menarini, Mutabilis, Nordic, ParaPharm, QPEX, Roche, Shionogi, Tetraphase, Wockhardt, 471 Zambon, Cardiome and Eumedica. He also reports grants and personal fees from Venatorx, personal fees and other (shareholder) from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees and other (stock options) from T.A.Z., grants, personal fees and other (shareholder) from Merck/MSD and Pfizer, and other (shareholder) from Perkin Elmer and Dechra. He also has nominated holdings in Avacta, Byotrol, Destiny, Diaceutics, Evgen, Faron, Fusion Antibodies, Genedrive, Hardide, Renalytics, Scancell and Synairgen (all of which have research/products pertinent to medical and diagnostic innovation) through Enterprise Investment Schemes but has no authority to trade these shares directly. All are outside the submitted work. V.G. reports receiving speaking honoraria from bioMérieux and support for conference attendances from Merck/MSD and Gilead, outside the submitted work. Other authors have no potential conflicts of interest. The authors affirm that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported, that no important aspects of the study have been omitted and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained."

"Funding This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (RP-PG-0514-493 20018). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funder had no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the article for publication."