Polystyrene nanoplastic exposure induces excessive mitophagy by activating AMPK/ULK1 pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons in vivo.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThe experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in strict adherence to the guidelines and regulations of the Southern Medical University Scientific Research Committee on Ethics in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273656, 82304177, 22106025, 82073519), the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China (2022A0505050035), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515010610), Guangdong-Dongguan Joint grant (2022A1515111098), the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721486, 2023T160295), the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (202212121034, S202312121124), the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research (2017B030314035) and the NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics."