Reversible aberrancies in gut microbiome of moderate and late preterm infants: results from a randomized, controlled trial.

"code availability source code for the randomization algorithms was from a previous study 31 47 data availability statement the datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available from the european nucleotide archive (ena) repository primary accession: prjeb62848 ( https://www ebi ac uk/ ). data availability statement the datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available from the european nucleotide archive (ena) repository primary accession: prjeb62848"

"code availability source code for the randomization algorithms was from a previous study 31 47 data availability statement the datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available from the european nucleotide archive (ena) repository primary accession: prjeb62848 ( https://www ebi ac uk/ )."

"Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."

"Author contributions: R.L., A.P., S.R., and E.I. contributed to the study design, study subject recruitment, collection of clinical information, data acquisition, and sample collection. J.V. contributed to fecal sample analyses. E.I. obtained funding. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results. R.L and E.I. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors have revised the manuscript and approved the final version."

"The present study was based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov/no.NCT00167700) described previously in greater detail., Briefly, 94 preterm neonates aged 1 to 3 days and treated at Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, between June 2008 and May 2012 were recruited. The inclusion criteria were as follows: gestational age between 32 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks, birth weight greater than 1500 g, and absence of any congenital defects preventing enteral nutrition. During the first three days of life, the neonates were randomly assigned into one of the three study groups to receive the following: probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53,103; Mead Johnson & Co, Evansville, Ind., currently Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG) at a dose of 1 × 10 colony-forming units/day for intervention days 1 to 30 and at a dose of 2 × 10 colony-forming units/day for intervention days 31 to 60, prebiotics (a mixture of polydextrose [Danisco Sweeteners, Surrey, United Kingdom] and galacto-oligosaccharides [Friesland Foods Domo, Zwolle, The Netherlands]) in a 1:1 ratio at a dose of 1 × 600 mg/day for intervention days 1 to 30 and at a dose of 2 × 600 mg/day for intervention days 31 to 60), or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose and dextrose anhydrate [Chr. Hansen, Hørsholm, Denmark])."