Oral glucocorticoids with intravenous cyclophosphamide or oral glucocorticoids alone in the treatment of IgA nephropathy present with nephrotic syndrome and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

"CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT None declared."

"FUNDING The study was supported by grants from the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Program of China (No: 82120108007), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 81870460, 81570598, 81370015, 81900656, 82270739), “Excellent Academic Leader” by Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No: 21XD1402000), Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No: 22140904000, 17441902200), Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant (No: 20152207), Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center “Three-year Action Plan for Promoting Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation in Municipal Hospitals” (No: SHDC2020CR6017), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Multi-Center Clinical Research Project (No: DLY201510), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Research Platform (No: 2022zxy003), Shanghai Health and Family Planning Committee Hundred Talents Program (No: 2018BR37), Shanghai Jiao Tong University “Jiaotong Star” Plan Medical Engineering Cross Research Key Project (No: YG2019ZDA18, YG2019QNA37) and Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (No: shslczdzk02502). No funding bodies had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."