Intensive care unit mortality and cost-effectiveness associated with intensivist staffing: a Japanese nationwide observational study.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThis study was exempt from requiring ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tohoku (reference no. 2022-1-444), which waived the requirement for informed patient consent because of the anonymized nature of the data. This study was reported in accordance with the Consolidate Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) checklists. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsTS received a research grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Tokyo, Japan). KF and KF received the grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Tokyo, Japan). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Competing interests TS received a research grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Tokyo, Japan). KF and KF received the grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Tokyo, Japan). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose."

"Funding The study was supported by Grants from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan (20AA2005), and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K18311. The publication of the study results was not contingent on the sponsor’s approval or censorship of the manuscript."