Effects of intravenous glucocorticoids on postoperative delirium in adult patients undergoing major surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding Support for this study was provided from the National Natural Science Foundation of China 226 (Nos.82101255), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QH291 and ZR2020MH126), the Qingdao Key Health Discipline Development Fund (QDZDZK2022094) and the Qingdao Outstanding Health Professional Development Fund (2022)."

"This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Assessing the Methodological quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) [, ]. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022345997. Methods: We searched the relevant literature published before November 3, 2023, through Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was POD incidence. The risk ratio for the primary outcome was calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel method. The secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, length of hospital stay, ICU duration, mechanical ventilation duration, and occurrence of glucocorticoid-related adverse effects (e.g., infection and hyperglycemia). This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022345997."