Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid measurements show glial hypo- and hyperactivation in predementia Alzheimer's disease.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThe project has been considered by the Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee (approval number for the DDI project: 2013/150, approval number for the biobank: 2011/1051). The local data protection officer at Akershus University Hospital has also approved the study with the according approval number 13-056, 14-156 and 13-088. Data handling was in accordance with local and national regulations, with security precautions for storage and regulated biobank facilities. Both sexes are equally included, patients and controls give informed consent to participate in the study. The DDI has a patient and caregiver representative in the steering group. User participation is ensured with open meetings and written information. The study conduct was in line with the guidelines provided by the Helsinki declaration of 1964 (revised 2013) and the Norwegian Health and Research Act. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsKN has publishing royalties from the popular science books published at Kagge Forlag AS and gets honoraria for talks based on these from Athenas speakers’ bureau. BEK has served as a consultant for Biogen. TF is inventor and co-founder of Pre Diagnostics A/S, serves at advisory boards for Biogen and Novo Nordisk. PS has served as a consultant for Roche. KB has served as a consultant and at advisory boards for Acumen, ALZPath, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Competing interests KN has publishing royalties from the popular science books published at Kagge Forlag AS and gets honoraria for talks based on these from Athenas speakers’ bureau. BEK has served as a consultant for Biogen. TF is inventor and co-founder of Pre Diagnostics A/S, serves at advisory boards for Biogen and Novo Nordisk. PS has served as a consultant for Roche. KB has served as a consultant and at advisory boards for Acumen, ALZPath, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding The project was funded by the Norwegian Research council, JPND/PMI-AD (NRC 311993) and from the regional health authorities (Helse Sør-Øst and Helse Nord [HNF1540-20])."