How to construct a frailty index from an existing dataset in 10 steps.

"Declaration of Conflicts of Interest Kenneth Rockwood has asserted copyright of the Clinical Frailty Scale and, with Olga Theou, the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale, which are made freely available for education, research and not-for-profit health-care. Licences for commercial use are facilitated through the Dalhousie Office of Commercialization and Industry Engagement. In addition to academic and hospital appointments, Kenneth Rockwood is the Co-founder of Ardea Outcomes, which (as DGI Clinical), in the last 3 years, has contracts with pharma and device manufacturers (Danone, Hollister, INmune, Novartis, Takeda) on individualised outcome measurement. In 2020, he attended an advisory board meeting with Nutricia on dementia, and chaired a Scientific Workshop & Technical Review Panel on frailty for the Singapore National Research Foundation. Otherwise any personal fees are for invited guest lectures, rounds and academic symposia, received directly from event organisers, for presentations on frailty. He is the Associate Director of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging, itself funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Alzheimer Society of Canada and several other charities. Declaration of Sources of Funding This work was supported in part by the Dalhousie University Internal Medicine Research Foundation, the Canadian Frailty Network (NSHA2020), which is supported by the Government of Canada through the Network of Centres of Excellence Program, a Nova Scotia Health Authority Health Innovation Award (2020), and the Canada Research Chairs Program. The funders played no role in the design, execution, interpretation or writing of this study. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740), is conducted by the University of Michigan. This analysis uses data from the Harmonized HRS dataset and codebook, version c, as of November 2022, developed by the Gateway to Global Aging Data, produced by the Program on Global Aging, Health & Policy, University of Southern California, with funding from the National Institute on Aging (R01 AG030153, RC2 AG036619, 1R03AG043052). The analysis also uses the RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2020 V1, produced by the RAND Center for the Study of Aging, with funding from the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration. Santa Monica, CA (2019)."

"Declaration of Sources of Funding This work was supported in part by the Dalhousie University Internal Medicine Research Foundation, the Canadian Frailty Network (NSHA2020), which is supported by the Government of Canada through the Network of Centres of Excellence Program, a Nova Scotia Health Authority Health Innovation Award (2020), and the Canada Research Chairs Program. The funders played no role in the design, execution, interpretation or writing of this study. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740), is conducted by the University of Michigan. This analysis uses data from the Harmonized HRS dataset and codebook, version c, as of November 2022, developed by the Gateway to Global Aging Data, produced by the Program on Global Aging, Health & Policy, University of Southern California, with funding from the National Institute on Aging (R01 AG030153, RC2 AG036619, 1R03AG043052). The analysis also uses the RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2020 V1, produced by the RAND Center for the Study of Aging, with funding from the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration. Santa Monica, CA (2019)."