Machine learning integration of multi-modal analytical data for distinguishing abnormal botanical drugs and its application in Guhong injection.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationAll authors agreed to the publication of the manuscript. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."

"Funding This study was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC3501802), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173941 to Y.W. and 82204614 to Y.T.) and the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province (Grant No. 20200708094YY). Y.W. was supported by Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No: ZYYCXTD-D-202002)."