Cortical glutamate, Glx, and total N-acetylaspartate: potential biomarkers of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment response and outcomes in major depression.

"Competing interests MAG, JB, ADH, ED and MMD report no relevant financial disclosures. TLW has served as scientific advisor and consultant to Strategic Aid Partners Inc. In the past 2 years, LLC has served as a paid scientific advisor or consultant to Magnus Medical, Neuronetics Inc, Nexstim PLC, Neurolief LTD, Sage Therapeutics, Otsuka, Sunovion, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. LLC and her Butler Hospital research staff have received support through clinical trials contracts with Neuronetics Inc, Neurolief Inc, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc for investigations that are unrelated to the subject of this paper."

"We would like to thank Polly Asi Gobin, Lauren Hindley, Fabienne McEleney, Lynn Fanella, Eric Tirrell, Edward Walsh, Michael Worden, Isabel Restrepo, Hannah Swearingen, Julie Joyce, Tim Souza, Megan Vigne, Jamie Kweon, and E. Frances Kronenberg for their help with data collection, preprocessing, and analysis. Data collection was supported by 1R01MH113929 to Michael Fox, MD (with subaward for Project at Butler Hospital to LLC). MAG’s effort was supported by the Hanlon Foundation (award to TLW), a Carney Institute Graduate Award in Brain Science (funded by the Dr. Daniel C. Cooper Graduate Award and the Charles A. Dana Graduate Fellowship Fund), and a Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research Award. TLW’s effort was supported by the Carney Institute for Brain Science Zimmerman Innovation Award and the Hanlon Foundation. JB’s effort was supported in part by grants from VA Clinical Science Research and Development (IK2 CX001824). ADH holds a Canada Research Chair in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Brain Injury. Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the research cores of the Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) Center for Neuromodulation at Butler Hospital (P20GM130452; National Institute of General Medical Sciences). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the VA."