Surface characteristics and in vitro biocompatibility of titanium preserved in a vitamin C-containing saline storage solution.

"Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests."

"This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Number: 82271003), the Academic Leaders of Jiangsu QingLan Project, and the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science, Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit (Project Number: YJXYYJSDW4), Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center (Project Number: CXZX202227). Author contributions: WSZ contributed to design, data acquisition and analysis, and drafted the manuscript. YL, SYS, CQS and YHZ contributed to data acquisition and analysis. SMZ contributed to design and data analysis. The corresponding author JQ contributed to conception, design, data interpretation, funding acquisition, supervision, and critically revised the manuscript. All authors give final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work."