Acoustic resolution photoacoustic Doppler flowmetry for assessment of patient rectal cancer blood perfusion.

"code and data availability associated code is available at https://github com/opticalultrasoundimaging/photoacoustic_dopplor_code ."

"code and data availability associated code is available at https://github com/opticalultrasoundimaging/photoacoustic_dopplor_code ."

"Disclosures: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article."

"We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), grant no. R01 R01EB034398, and the institutional support of the Siteman Cancer Center. We thank Dr. James Ballard for providing editing support."

"For in vivo imaging, patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who had undergone radiation and chemotherapy were imaged pre-operatively before rectal tissue resection. Patients were first put under anesthesia per the standard of care, a colonoscopic exam was performed to localize the cancer, and our AR-PAM/US probe was then used to scan the patient’s rectum. The findings from five patients are included in this paper: three patients (P1, P2, P3) with residual adenocarcinoma, one with complete response (P4) of no remaining cancerous tissue, and one patient (P5) with a stricture below the tumor so only lesion-free tissues were imaged. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04339374), and all patients provided written informed consent."