Estrogen-ER-α axis induces PNPLA3 p.I148M protein variant to promote steatotic liver disease susceptibility in women.

"CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT Prof. Luca Valenti has received speaking fees from MSD, Gilead, AlfaSigma and AbbVie, served as a consultant for Gilead, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Intercept, Diatech Pharmacogenetics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Boeringher Ingelheim, Resalis, and received research grants from Gilead. All the remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the present study."

"This study was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute), Ricerca Finalizzata 2016 (RF‐2016‐02364358) (‘Impact of whole exome sequencing on the clinical management of patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver and cryptogenic liver disease’), the Ricerca Finalizzata 2021 (RF‐2021‐12373889), the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata PNRR 2022 ‘RATIONAL: Risk strAtificaTIon Of Nonalcoholic fAtty Liver’ (PNRR‐MAD‐2022‐12375656) (L.V.), the Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute), Rete Cardiologica ‘CV‐PREVITAL’ (L.V.), the Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Ricerca Corrente (L.V.), the Fondazione Patrimonio Ca’ Granda, ‘Liver BIBLE’ (PR‐0361) (L.V.), the MUR PNRR Centro Nazionale Terapia genica e Farmaci a RNA ‘National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs Based on RNA Technology—Sviluppo di Terapia Genica e Farmaci con Tecnologia a RNA’ Codice progetto MUR: CN00000041, Spoke 4 ‘Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases’ (L.V.), the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking of European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme and EFPIA European Union Programme Horizon 2020 (under grant agreement no. 777377) for the project LITMUS (L.V.), the European Union, H2020‐ICT‐2018‐20/H2020‐ICT‐2020‐2 Programme ‘Photonics’ (under grant agreement no. 101016726) for REVEAL (L.V.), the Gilead_IN‐IT‐989‐5790 (L.V.) and the European Union, HORIZON‐MISS‐2021‐CANCER‐02‐03 Programme ‘Genial’ (under grant agreement no. 101096312) (L.V.)."