Circulating palmitoyl sphingomyelin levels predict the 10-year increased risk of cardiovascular disease death in Chinese adults: findings from the Da Qing Diabetes Study.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fuwai Hospital. All participants or representatives of deceased participants provided written informed consent. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsWe declare no competing interests. Competing interests We declare no competing interests."

"Funding The Da Qing Diabetes Study and Da Qing Diabetes Outcomes Study were supported from 1986 to 1992 by the World Bank, Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China, and Da Qing First Hospital; from 2004 to 2009 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–WHO Cooperative Agreement (U58/CCU424123-01-02), China–Japan Friendship Hospital, and Da Qing First Hospital; from 2015 to 2018 by the US CDC–Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement (5U19GH000636–05); and in 2020 by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (Grant number: 2020-I2M-2-006). This study was also funded by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding of the People’s Republic of China (2023-GSP-GG-35) and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Union Diabetes Research Talent Fund. The sponsors had no role in any aspect of the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; or in the development of the manuscript."