Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Produced via Green Synthesis Method Using <i>Thymus Vulgaris</i> Aqueous Extract.

"Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work."

"This research work was supported by Institutional Fund Project under grant no. (IFPIP: 1639-166-1443). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the author acknowledges the University of Central Punjab for providing the research facilities. Naveed Ahmed would like to acknowledge graduate research assistance scheme of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The hemolysis of RBCs was performed to measure the toxicity of biogenic NPs in which hemoglobin was released from RBCs through the rupture of their membrane. The abiogenic NPs have more toxicity as compared to biogenic NPs. The AgNPs are crucial in studying hemolysis; thus, it is essential to study hemolytic effects. The safe range for hemolytic activity is less than 10%. The hemolytic activity was performed for optimized NPs at different concentrations among which 1000 µg/mL shows the highest hemolytic activity at 9.66% (RBC) lysis and lowest at 250 µg/mL concentration shows 3% lysis to assess the toxic effect of AgNPs. The current study was also supported by. As AgNPs concentrations increased, a high degree of hemolytic activity was observed, indicating that AgNPs toxicity is concentration-dependent, furthermore, from the current study it is inferred that less than 1000 ug/mL concentration of biogenic NPs might be used to cure health hazards."