Hydroxynorketamine, but not ketamine, acts via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to control presynaptic function and gene expression.

"Competing interests MW is a member of the following advisory boards and gave presentations to the following companies: Bayer AG, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany; and Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH, Germany. MW has further conducted studies with institutional research support from HEEL and Janssen Pharmaceutical Research for a clinical trial (IIT) on ketamine in patients with MDD, unrelated to this investigation. MW did not receive any financial compensation from the companies mentioned above. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or other potential conflicts of interest."

"Funding This study was supported by DFG (FE1335/3) to AF and SFB779/A06 to AF and MW. We acknowledge the grant from Czech Science Foundation (GAČR no.: 20-25349 S) for supporting AP. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL."