Associations between sex, body mass index and the individual microglial response in Alzheimer's disease.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participatePatients and age-matched healthy controls were included after providing written informed consent in line with the declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the ethics committee of LMU Munich (project numbers 17-755 and 17-569). Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsTG received consulting fees from AbbVie, Alector, Anavex, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Functional Neuromodulation, Grifols, Iqvia, Noselab, Novo Nordisk, NuiCare, Orphazyme, Roche Diagnostics, Roche Pharma, UCB, and Vivoryon; lecture fees from Grifols, Medical Tribune, Novo Nordisk, Roche Pharma, and Schwabe; and has received grants to his institution from Roche Diagnostics. GUH participated in industry-sponsored research projects from Abbvie, Biogen, Biohaven, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, UCB; serves as a consultant for Abbvie, Alzprotect, Aprineua, Asceneuron, Bial, Biogen, Biohaven, Kyowa Kirin, Lundbeck, Novartis, Retrotope, Roche, Sanofi, UCB; received honoraria for scientific presentations from Abbvie, Bayer Vital, Bial, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Kyowa Kirin, Roche, Teva, UCB, Zambon; holds a patent on Treatment of Synucleinopathies. United States Patent No.: US 10,918,628 B2: EP 17 787 904.6-1109 / 3 525 788; received publication royalties from Academic Press, Kohlhammer, and Thieme. RP has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaker engagements from Roche, EISAI, Eli Lilly, Biogen, Janssen-Cilag, Astra Zeneca, Schwabe, Grifols, Novo Nordisk and Tabuk. MB received speaker honoraria from GE healthcare, Roche and LMI and is an advisor of LMI. Competing interests TG received consulting fees from AbbVie, Alector, Anavex, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Functional Neuromodulation, Grifols, Iqvia, Noselab, Novo Nordisk, NuiCare, Orphazyme, Roche Diagnostics, Roche Pharma, UCB, and Vivoryon; lecture fees from Grifols, Medical Tribune, Novo Nordisk, Roche Pharma, and Schwabe; and has received grants to his institution from Roche Diagnostics. GUH participated in industry-sponsored research projects from Abbvie, Biogen, Biohaven, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, UCB; serves as a consultant for Abbvie, Alzprotect, Aprineua, Asceneuron, Bial, Biogen, Biohaven, Kyowa Kirin, Lundbeck, Novartis, Retrotope, Roche, Sanofi, UCB; received honoraria for scientific presentations from Abbvie, Bayer Vital, Bial, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Kyowa Kirin, Roche, Teva, UCB, Zambon; holds a patent on Treatment of Synucleinopathies. United States Patent No.: US 10,918,628 B2: EP 17 787 904.6-1109 / 3 525 788; received publication royalties from Academic Press, Kohlhammer, and Thieme. RP has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaker engagements from Roche, EISAI, Eli Lilly, Biogen, Janssen-Cilag, Astra Zeneca, Schwabe, Grifols, Novo Nordisk and Tabuk. MB received speaker honoraria from GE healthcare, Roche and LMI and is an advisor of LMI."

"Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy—ID 390857198) and within research units (FOR-2858 project numbers 403161218, 421887978, 422188432, 422182557 and 422179811). GUH was funded by the Hannover Cluster RESIST (EXC 2155—project number 39087428), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01KU1403A EpiPD; 01EK1605A HitTau; 01DH18025 TauTherapy); European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases (Improve-PSP); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, HO2402/18–1 MSAomics), VolkswagenStiftung (Niedersächsisches Vorab); Petermax-Müller Foundation (Etiology and Therapy of Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies). The Lüneburg Heritage and Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung have supported the work of CP. SK was supported by Ehrmann Foundation and Lüneburg Heritage. The Alzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V. provided grant no. 19063p to MB. The Hirnliga e.V. supported recruitment and imaging of the ActiGliA cohort (Manfred-Strohscheer-Stiftung) by a grant to BSR and MB. RP was supported by the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative, the VERUM Foundation, the Robert-Vogel-Foundation, the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203321), the University of Cambridge–Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Strategic Partnership within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative and Excellence Strategy and the European Commission under the Innovative Health Initiative program (project 101132356). Open Access funding enabled and organized by DEAL."