Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.

"Declaration of interests JÄ has served on the advisory boards for Astella, AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim and has received lecturing fees from AstraZeneca and Novartis, all unrelated to the present work. Remaining authors declare no competing interests."

"Financial support was obtained in the form of grants from the 10.13039/501100000781European Research Council [ERC-STG-2018-801965 (TF); ERC-CoG-2014-649021 (MO-M); ERC-STG-2015-679242 (JGS)], the 10.13039/501100003793Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [Hjärt-Lungfonden, 2019-0505 (TF); 2018-0343 (JÄ); 2020-0711 (MO-M); 2020-0173 (GE); 2019-0526 (JGS)], the 10.13039/501100004359Swedish Research Council [VR, 2019-01471 (TF), 2018-02784 (MO-M), 2018-02837 (MO-M), 2019-01015 (JÄ), 2020-00243 (JÄ), 2019-01236 (GE), 2021-02273 (JGS), 2022-01460 (SA), and EXODIAB 2009-1039 (MO-M)], the 10.13039/501100004359Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development [FORMAS, 2020-00989 (SA)], the A.L.F. Governmental grant 2018-0148 (MO-M), The 10.13039/501100009708Novo Nordic Foundation NNF20OC0063886 (MO-M), The Swedish Diabetes Foundation DIA 2018-375 (MO-M), the Skandia Risk&Hälsa, 2023 (ÖE, EEB), and governmental funding of clinical research within the Swedish National Health Service (JGS). The study was also supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (LUDC-IRC 15-0067). Funding for the SCAPIS study was provided by the 10.13039/501100003793Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the 10.13039/501100004063Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the 10.13039/501100004359Swedish Research Council and 10.13039/501100001858VINNOVA (Sweden’s Innovation agency), the 10.13039/501100005760University of Gothenburg and 10.13039/501100005754Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 10.13039/501100004047Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County council, Linköping University and University Hospital, 10.13039/501100003252Lund University and 10.13039/501100011077Skåne University Hospital, Umeå University and University Hospital, and Uppsala University and University Hospital. We acknowledge the SCAPIS board for enabling the current study, along with the 10.13039/501100003793Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the main funding body of SCAPIS. The computations and data handling were enabled by resources in project sens2019512 provided by the National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS) and the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at 10.13039/501100015701Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX), funded by the 10.13039/501100004359Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-0597 and no. 2022-06725."