New insights into neuropathology and pathogenesis of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein meningoencephalomyelitis.

"Declarations Conflict of interestYong Guo, Verena Endmayr, Andrew McKeon, Katharina Hess, Andrea Klang, Akos Pakozdy, Elisabeth Höftberger, Simon Hametner, Carmen Haider, Désirée De Simoni, Sönke Peters, Ellen Gelpi, Christoph Röcken, Stefan Oberndorfer, Hans Lassmann, Claudia F. Lucchinetti report no relevant disclosures. Anastasia Zekeridou reports consultation for Alexion Pharmaceuticals with no personal compensation, has research funding from Roche not relevant to this work and has patents pending for Tenascin-R-IgG, PDE10A-IgG and DACH1-IgG as biomarkers of neurological autoimmunity. Frank Leypoldt is supported by German Ministry of Education and Research (01GM1908A and 01GM2208), E-Rare Joint Transnational research support (ERA-Net, LE3064/2–1), Stiftung Pathobiochemie of the German Society for Laboratory Medicine and HORIZON MSCA 2022 Doctoral Network 101119457 — IgG4-TREAT and discloses speaker honoraria from Grifols, Teva, Biogen, Bayer, Roche, Novartis, Fresenius, travel funding from Merck, Grifols and Bayer and serving on advisory boards for Roche, Biogen and Alexion. Alicja Kalinowska-Lyszczarz received grant funding from Novartis and received compensation for speaking and consulting services from Biogen, Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Merck, Teva, CSL Behring, Shire, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi-Genzyme. None of the consulting agreements are relevant to the submitted work. Romana Höftberger reports honoraria from Novartis and Biogen. The Medical University of Vienna (Austria; employer of Prof. Höftberger) receives payment for antibody assays and for antibody validation experiments organized by Euroimmun (Lübeck, Germany). Conflict of interest Yong Guo, Verena Endmayr, Andrew McKeon, Katharina Hess, Andrea Klang, Akos Pakozdy, Elisabeth Höftberger, Simon Hametner, Carmen Haider, Désirée De Simoni, Sönke Peters, Ellen Gelpi, Christoph Röcken, Stefan Oberndorfer, Hans Lassmann, Claudia F. Lucchinetti report no relevant disclosures. Anastasia Zekeridou reports consultation for Alexion Pharmaceuticals with no personal compensation, has research funding from Roche not relevant to this work and has patents pending for Tenascin-R-IgG, PDE10A-IgG and DACH1-IgG as biomarkers of neurological autoimmunity. Frank Leypoldt is supported by German Ministry of Education and Research (01GM1908A and 01GM2208), E-Rare Joint Transnational research support (ERA-Net, LE3064/2–1), Stiftung Pathobiochemie of the German Society for Laboratory Medicine and HORIZON MSCA 2022 Doctoral Network 101119457 — IgG4-TREAT and discloses speaker honoraria from Grifols, Teva, Biogen, Bayer, Roche, Novartis, Fresenius, travel funding from Merck, Grifols and Bayer and serving on advisory boards for Roche, Biogen and Alexion. Alicja Kalinowska-Lyszczarz received grant funding from Novartis and received compensation for speaking and consulting services from Biogen, Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Merck, Teva, CSL Behring, Shire, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi-Genzyme. None of the consulting agreements are relevant to the submitted work. Romana Höftberger reports honoraria from Novartis and Biogen. The Medical University of Vienna (Austria; employer of Prof. Höftberger) receives payment for antibody assays and for antibody validation experiments organized by Euroimmun (Lübeck, Germany)."

"Funding Open access funding provided by Medical University of Vienna. This work was partly funded by grants from the Austrian Science Fund FWF (SYNABS, I4685-B, I6565-B) and the Austrian Society of Neurology (Österreichische Gesellschaft für Neurologie)."