Repurposing screen identifies novel candidates for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and druggable host targets.

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"The authors declare no conflict of interest."

"We are grateful for the gift of the SARS-CoV-2/München-1.2/2020/984 strain by Christian Drosten and to Volker Thiel for sharing the HCoV-229E/R-Luc reporter virus. This publication was supported by the European Virus Archive GLOBAL (EVA-GLOBAL) project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 871029. We thank Charles M. Rice for the gift of Huh-7.5 cells, Gert Zimmer for 16HBE140, and Volker Thiel for MRC-5 cells. We also gratefully acknowledge the gifts of Vero and Calu-3 cells by Stefan Pöhlmann and the provision of the TCID50-calculator by Marco Binder. We thank Novartis, specifically Stefan Peukert, for providing AXT-914, and Anne Kühnel, Christina Grethe, and Xiaoyu Zhang for their technical support, as well as Sonja Jesse for her contribution to the introduction section. We also thank Chris Lauber for generating the graph in Fig. 3A. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 158989968 - SFB 900. T.P., T.F.S, M.B., and U.B received funding from the Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur (Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony) (grant 14–76103-184 CORONA-13/20). T.P. and T.F.S. received funding from the German Center of Infection Research (DZIF). T.P. also received funding from the Helmholtz Alberta initiative for infectious disease research (HAI-IDR) and from the DFG CRC900 project A6 (project number: 158989968; https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/178926377). G.V. received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project number 417852234). G.G. received funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project COVID-Protect (# 01KI20143C), and the Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur (Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony) and “Niedersachsen Vorab” through the Professorinnen Programm III. G.B. and G.G. received funding from the Ministry of Lower Saxony (MWK, Project 76251–99 awarded to G.G.). Conceptualization: S.H. and T.P. Methodology: S.H., A.M., M.W., A.P.G., S.M.S., L.L., F.Z.B., G.B., G.G., V.M., and M.G. Validation: S.H., A.M., M.W., J.R., and A.P.G. Formal analysis: S.H., A.M., M.W., S.M.S., A.P.G., D.K., G.V., M.G., R.J.P.B., and N.M.K. Investigation: S.H., A.M., M.W., J.R., A.P.G., L.L., F.Z.B., G.B., M.G., and N.M.K. Resources: B.W., T.T.N., U.B., and T.F.S. Data curation: S.H., A.M., M.W., S.M.S., A.P.G., and R.B. Writing—original draft: S.H., A.M., M.W., A.P.G., G.V., M.B., and T.P. Writing—review & editing: S.H., A.M., M.W., S.M.S., M.B., A.P.G., L.L., D.K., G.V., B.W., F.Z.B., G.B., G.G., U.B., V.M., M.G., and R.J.P.B. Visualization: S.H., A.M., M.W., S.M.S., D.K., and T.P. Supervision: G.V., G.G., T.F.S., and T.P. Project administration: S.H., M.B., and T.P. Funding acquisition: M.B., T.F.S., T.P., G.V., G.G., and U.B."