ADHD medicine consumption in Europe after COVID-19: catch-up or trend change?

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsSG and DV are employees of MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG. RF holds grants from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) unrelated to this work. SVF has received royalties from Elsevier, Guilford Press, Oxford University Press, holds grants from Noven, Otsuka, Shire/Takeda, Arbor, Johnson & Johnson and Supernus, has received consulting fees/honoraria from Akili Interactive Labs, Arbor, Aardvark, Aveksham, Genomind, Ironshore, KemPharm/Corium, Noven, Ondosis, Rhodes, Vallon, holds stock options of Aardvark, Akili, Ironshore, Genomind, and is holder of the US Patent US20130217707 A1. TB has received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press, has received consulting fees/honoraria from Infectopharm, Janssen Cilag, Medice, Takeda, and is on advisory boards of eyelevel, Infectopharm, Lundbeck, MEDICE, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Roche, Takeda. JB is on advisory boards of MEDICE, Angelini, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Servier. MD received consulting income and research support from Lilly, MEDICE, Shire, Takeda, and eyelevel and research support from the German Research Foundation, German Ministry of Education and Research, German Ministry of Health, and Innovation Fund. He received income as head, supervisor, and lecturer of the School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behaviour Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne and as consultant for Child Behaviour Therapy at the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung). He also received royalties from treatment manuals, books and psychological tests published by Beltz, Elsevier, Enke, Guilford, Hogrefe, Huber, Kohlhammer, Schattauer, Springer, Wiley. AR is owner and CEO of MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co.  Competing interests SG and DV are employees of MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG. RF holds grants from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) unrelated to this work. SVF has received royalties from Elsevier, Guilford Press, Oxford University Press, holds grants from Noven, Otsuka, Shire/Takeda, Arbor, Johnson & Johnson and Supernus, has received consulting fees/honoraria from Akili Interactive Labs, Arbor, Aardvark, Aveksham, Genomind, Ironshore, KemPharm/Corium, Noven, Ondosis, Rhodes, Vallon, holds stock options of Aardvark, Akili, Ironshore, Genomind, and is holder of the US Patent US20130217707 A1. TB has received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press, has received consulting fees/honoraria from Infectopharm, Janssen Cilag, Medice, Takeda, and is on advisory boards of eyelevel, Infectopharm, Lundbeck, MEDICE, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Roche, Takeda. JB is on advisory boards of MEDICE, Angelini, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Servier. MD received consulting income and research support from Lilly, MEDICE, Shire, Takeda, and eyelevel and research support from the German Research Foundation, German Ministry of Education and Research, German Ministry of Health, and Innovation Fund. He received income as head, supervisor, and lecturer of the School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behaviour Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne and as consultant for Child Behaviour Therapy at the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung). He also received royalties from treatment manuals, books and psychological tests published by Beltz, Elsevier, Enke, Guilford, Hogrefe, Huber, Kohlhammer, Schattauer, Springer, Wiley. AR is owner and CEO of MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. "

"Funding The licence for the IQVIA MIDAS data was funded by MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG."