Individual variations in motives for nicotine self-administration in male rats: evidence in support for a precision psychopharmacology.

"Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"This work was supported by La Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM; grant DPA20140629795 to V.D.-G.), l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR; grant ANR-10-EQX-008-1, EquipEx OptoPath to V.D.-G.), the Aquitaine Regional Council (grant 2015-1R30105, PhD fellowship to V.G.-R.), the LABEX BRAIN (ANR; grant ANR-10-LABX-43, 2019 extension grant fellowship to V.G.-R.), by INCa/IReSP 16130, by l’Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and the University of Bordeaux (UB). MC was supported by the DG-ARS/ CHU Bordeaux Année Recherche 2021-2022 program. We thank Mélodie Nachon-Phanithavong (CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59000 Lille, France) for her contribution to the analytical analysis, S. Laumond, J. Tessaire, and the technical staff of the housing and experimental animal facility of the Neurocentre Magendie Inserm U1215. Special thanks to Cédric Dupuy for the remarkable care of our rats. We thank Professor David Belin and Douglas S. Ramsay for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript."