From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371319 to CY), Beijing Nova Program (20230484356 to CY), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7222217 to CY), Capital Health Research and Development of Special (2022–4-40918 to CY), AO Spine Research Start-up Grant (AOS-Startup-21–016 to CY), Peking University Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project (PKU2021LCXQ007 to CY), and Peking University Third Hospital Clinical Key Project (BYSYZD2021023 to CY)."