Fecal supernatants from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy activate enteric neurons.

"Conflict of interest HV served as paid consultant in the field of epilepsy for Boehringer Ingelheim, CEVA animal health, Nestle Purina, and served as contract researcher for Nestle Purina and Boehringer Ingelheim. JS is an employee of the Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University that provides microbiome testing on a fee-for-service basis and is on the Scientific Advisory Board of Nestle Purina and received speaker honoraria from Royal Canin, Nutramax Laboratories, ExeGi Pharma, LLC, and Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."

"The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This open access publication was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—491094227 “Open Access Publication Funding” and the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation. AW is a holder of a scholarship from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thailand."