Durable protective efficiency provide by mRNA vaccines require robust immune memory to antigens and weak immune memory to lipid nanoparticles.

"data availability data will be made available on request. acknowledgements this study was supported by the (81973271). appendix a supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi"

"Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."

"This study was supported by the 10.13039/501100001809National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973271). Xueying Tang: Writing – original draft, Methodology, Investigation. Jiashuo Zhang: Investigation. Dezhi Sui: Data curation. Zihan Xu: Investigation. Qiongfen Yang: Investigation. Tianyu Wang: Investigation. Xiaoya Li: Investigation. Xinrong Liu: Supervision. Yihui Deng: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Yanzhi Song: Supervision, Methodology."