Distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary pathogens in preoperative midstream urine cultures from Chinese patients with urinary calculi: a meta-analysis.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNot applicable for that section. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding This work was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82070719, No.82270807), Guangzhou key discipline of urology, and the Key Clinical Technique of Guangzhou, China (2024CL-ZD04)."

"The research was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the meta-analysis protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database on June 3, 2023 (CRD42023428298). A systematic and meticulous approach was employed for conducting a comprehensive literature search, with the objective of retrieving pertinent studies elucidating the distribution patterns and drug resistance profiles of pathogens present in preoperative midstream urine cultures from individuals afflicted with urinary calculi. This methodological strategy entailed a thorough exploration of esteemed academic databases, including Wanfang Data, Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), SinoMed, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search encompassed studies published within the time frame spanning January 2002 to December 2022, effectively covering a duration of two decades. Our formulated search queries were thoughtfully tailored to incorporate pivotal terminologies such as “urinary calculus,” “urolithiasis,” “urinary stone,” “bacterial distribution,” “microbial spectrum,” “antibiotic sensitivity,” “drug resistance,” “bacterial culture,” and “midstream urine culture.” It is noteworthy that unpublished studies were intentionally omitted to safeguard the scholarly integrity inherent in our findings. This methodologically robust approach was directed at identifying studies that offer insights into the intricate interplay between pathogens and urinary calculi, thereby enriching our comprehension of antibiotic resistance trends and microbial dynamics within this specific contextual domain."