Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) on renal outcomes in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

"table 2 ). a limitation of this study is that we lack some raw data"

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateNo additional ethical approval was required for this meta-analysis. Consent for publicationPatient consent for publication was not required. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82100723 and 82070709), President Foundation of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (YQ2021006), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515012356). This work was supported by Sun Yat-sen University, with the horizontal project number(SYSU-76140–20210610-0002)."

"We searched RCTs that assessed ULT including febuxostat or allopurinol or other uric acid-lowering drugs versus control group in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia through Pubmed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and the Cochrane Library until January 10,2024. Keywords and relevant terms were used as following: chronic kidney disease, chronic kidney failure, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic renal failure, allopurinol, febuxostat, uric acid-lowing therapy, xanthine oxidase, urate-lowering therapy, Benzbromarone, Probenecid, rasburicase, sulfinpyrazone, lesinurad, topiroxostat. No language restriction was applied. All the review processes followed registered protocol that was accepted by the online PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews of the National Institute for Health Research (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) (CRD42022321527). Definition of PICOS in the present study is as follows: P (Population): CKD patients complicated with asymptomatic hyperuricemia; I(Intervention): uric acid-lowing therapy, such as taking allopurinol or febuxostat and other uric acid-lowering medications; C(Comparison): placebo or usual therapy or no treatment; O (Outcome): the effects of intervention on renal outcomes; S (study design): randomized controlled trial."