Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Visceral Pain Originating from the Pelvic and Abdominal Region: A Narrative Review on a Possible New Indication for Patients with Therapy-Resistant Pain.

"Disclosure Matthanja Bieze and Annelotte Pauline van Haaps are co-first authors for this study. AH reports to have received a travel fee from Merck KgaA to visit the ESHRE 2022 congress in Milan. This is not related to this manuscript. LK reports to have received consulting fees from Avanos, FUS Mobile, Neuralace, Nevro, Xalud, Nalu Medical, Medtronic, Biotronik, SAOL Therapeutics, Gimer, Man and Science and Sollis. In addition, he reports to have received honoraria for lectures from Nevro, Avanos and Saluda. These are not related to this manuscript. LK also reports to participate in the Advisory Board of Avanos, Neuros, Neuralace, Biotronik, Presidio and PainTeq and finally reports to have stock options in Nalu Medical and Gamma Core. SL reports to have received consulting fees from Abbott, Avanos, Biotronik, Nalu Medical, Nevro, NeuraLace, Ethos Lab, PainTeq, Saluda, SPR Therapeutics and Vertos. In addition, he reports to have received honoraria from Averitas Pharma and Scilex Pharm. These are not related to this manuscript. SL also reports to previously have been president of the New Jersey Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, and is current treasurer of the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. Finally, SL reports to have stock options in Nalu Medical and NeuroOne. KF reports to be part of the Education Committee Spine Intervention Society, of the Education Committee Neuromodulation Society, is a member of the Wisconsin Medical Board and is Vice President of Wisconsin American Society of Interventional Pain Management. MS reports to be a research consultant for Modoscript, Collegium and to have been an AdComm for Syneos Health. These are not related to this manuscript. VM reports to have received research grants from Guerbet, Merck KgaA and Ferring, which were made to the Amsterdam UMC. In addition, VM has received a lecture honorarium and payment from Guerbet for meeting attendance of the ESHRE 2022 congress in Milan. These are not related to this manuscript. JWK reports to have received consulting fees from Boston Scientific, Saluda, Nevro, Abbott and Medtronic. These are not related to this manuscript. He also reports to be a member of the Advisory Board of Boston Scientific, Saluda, Nevro, Abbott and Medtronic, and to be a board member of the BNS. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work."

"This narrative review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The narrative review was retrospectively registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42023448103; registration date 13th of July 2023)."